NGOs and Domestic Violence against Women in Pakistan Essay

To begin with, non-legislative associations aid the assortment and documentation of information in regards to viciousness against ladies in Pakistan. Because of their energetic and dynamic contribution in the entire issue of viciousness against ladies, these gatherings have had the option to gather and report the vast majority of the data that is related with this subject. Perspectives, for example, the provincial inclination of savagery against ladies are very much archived. It is plainly demonstrated that ladies in rustic regions of Pakistan are the most helpless gathering with regards to savagery against ladies. Because of reasons, for example, absence of education and little presentation of the individuals in these areas, the guys still regard the obsolete conduct of male predominance and all that they do when the ladies are seen to have committed any error is to pound them. Different practices that are as yet being completed in the country parts of Pakistan that are viewed as harsh to ladies incorporate the qasas, the hudood, karokari and early relationships of little youngsters to grown-up men (Kumar, 2005). Other vital subtleties that can be gotten from the records kept by these associations are the sort of savagery that is basic in Pakistan, the different bodies that are engaged with the battle against brutality against ladies, the achievement levels of the endeavors and the impacts of viciousness against ladies in Pakistan. Aurat Publication and Information Service Foundation was enlisted in 1986 and it stores data on the government assistance of ladies in Pakistan. There is likewise the Applied Social Research association that was built up and enrolled in 1983 and Simorgh-Women’s Resource and Publication Center that are rich wellsprings of data on women’s issues remembering brutality against ladies for Pakistan. Aside from the abovementioned, non-legislative associations in Pakistan assume another imperative job of direct arrangement of aptitudes that help the ladies in accomplishing monetary independency. Their way of thinking in this is a financially enabled lady won't hurry to her male friend once in a while for help hence diminishing odds of being exposed to savagery. Hawwa Associates as a non-legislative association has offered backing to ladies engaged with making crafted works in Pakistan for an exceptionally significant stretch (Asian Development Bank, n. d). The Adult Basic Education Society has been in presence since nineteen seventy two and has embraced the preparation of young ladies in non-formal training as a significant undertaking. It has likewise done a multi-grade showing preparing for Pakistani ladies in the Rawalpindi Division. This undertaking ran from 1998 to 2001. The Association for Creation of Employment prepared ladies on the most proficient method to make sure about preparing and get work in the year 1997. They were likewise given preparing on the best way to deal with organizations and access miniaturized scale credit offices for their organizations (Association for the Development of Pakistan). Behbud Association is another non-legislative association that is profoundly engaged with the handling of savagery against ladies in Pakistan through female strengthening. Built up in nineteen seventy, Behbud Association has completed significant tasks, for example, the abilities preparing of 1971 and the instruction undertaking of 1971. Every one of these ventures were done in Karachi, the capital city of Pakistan and the primary point was to enable ladies with aptitudes that should give them a monetary edge. The Bunyad Literacy Community Council has additionally completed significant strengthening tasks, for example, the ladies advancement undertaking of 1998 and the strengthening for destitution easing venture of 1999. Caritas was set up in 1965 and enrolled in 1980. It opened craftsmanship places for ladies in 1998 and built up training program for working young ladies around the same time. It‘s territory of activity is around Punjab in Lahore. Likewise, there is the De Laas Gul Welfare Program that was built up in 1976 yet got conventional enlistment in 1988. With professional preparing as its topical territory; it has a running fitting preparing venture for ladies. This fitting undertaking started in 1997. TheAga Khan Development Network has additionally partaken in ladies strengthening through miniaturized scale account (Aga Khan Development Network, n. d). The financial strengthening of ladies in Pakistan has prompted the decrease of sex based savagery yet not to the ideal levels. The arrangement of guiding administrations to casualties of aggressive behavior at home in Pakistan has consistently been the worry of non-legislative associations. Bedari was built up in the year nineteen ninety two and manages the mental soundness of ladies. Those got up to speed in the disarray of aggressive behavior at home consistently get to directing administrations from Bedari. Clearly casualties of brutality consistently wind up experiencing injury just as other mental unsettling influences that must be managed through the arrangement of psychotherapy. Theater administrations are offered in towns by this association with its target of mental wellbeing as its significant topic. Behbud Association likewise handles women’s medical problems and had the option to manage trouble the board and recovery of the casualties of viciousness in 1971 (Daiya, 2002). The job of instructing general society and making it mindful of the worries of ladies in Pakistan is likewise taken up by non legislative associations. Issues, for example, aggressive behavior at home that prompts grave wounds of ladies and some of the time even passing are constantly brought out to the general population by non administrative associations working in Pakistan. For reasons, for example, that of being seen as being powerless and ineffectual by its own kin and a watching world, the Pakistani government doesn't come out to educate the overall population the condition of savagery against ladies in the nation. What's more, this is the place the non-administrative associations prove to be useful. Methods of comprehension and fighting savagery against ladies are instructed to people in general and the condition of maltreatment of ladies is unveiled. The All Pakistan Women’s Association set up in nineteen forty nine and enrolled in nineteen sixty five completes the essential job of teaching people in general on women’s issues. It handles the ethical, social and financial worries of Pakistani ladies and the one of the ways by which it does this is by instructing the general population and bringing issues to light on issues relating to savagery against ladies. Brutality against ladies takes numerous structures, for example, sexual savagery, financial viciousness, verbal viciousness that comes in type of obnoxious attacks just as the regular physical viciousness that prompts substantial damage of the person in question. The All Pakistan Women’s Association benefits this data to the general population (Persona Blog, 2007, All Pakistan Women’s Association). Other than the abovementioned, non-legislative associations in Pakistani ensure the privileges of ladies as a job in the entire issue of savagery against ladies. They guarantee that there is no segregation of ladies in the nation most definitely. The Mothers’ Trust and the National Research and Development Foundation are at the front line in pushing forward the privileges of ladies. Professional preparing planned for giving ladies a jump in order to find their male partners is finished by the Mothers’ Trust while the National Research and Development Foundation has taken care of the privileges of ladies through ventures, for example, the Ulema and Women’s Rights task of 1998. These non legislative associations that are engaged with the push for the safeguarding of the privileges of ladies likewise go a head to guarantee that legislature and private endeavors that don't perceive the privileges of ladies as human rights are presented and pressurized to concede ladies equivalent rights like their male partners. In this manner advising ladies about their privileges isn't the main route through which these associations push for the acknowledgment of the privileges of ladies. Through coordination and systems administration with different associations and government organizations, they can guarantee that females are given full assurance by the law through authorization of punishments that are intended for the individuals who exceed the line and subject ladies and young ladies to viciousness of whatever structure. A long way from the abovementioned, non-administrative associations in Pakistan play out the significant job of helping ladies in creating activity plans for their exercises. A large portion of these associations are global and along these lines have heaps of talented labor. This gifted labor consistently proves to be useful when the ladies of Pakistan should think of extensive methods of managing the issues that influence them. In this manner the structure and improvement of work plans, activity plan and execution methodologies is finished by the prepared individuals from these associations who go a head to prepare the nearby ladies on the best way to do these things all alone (Women Empowerment Literacy and Development Organization). The Sustainable Development Policy Institute that was set up and enrolled in 1992 has helped Pakistani ladies in concocting activity plans for quite a while. The Bunyad Literacy Community Council has likewise attempted preparing programs for ladies concentrating on the most proficient method to shape their plan as they battle for their place in the public eye in Pakistan (Sustainable Development Policy foundation). Non-administrative associations likewise assume the job of lobbyists in the region of enactment. The driving inspiration or intrigue is to have laws preferring ladies passed by the country’s authoritative body which is the Pakistani parliament. They additionally anteroom with the goal that laws that denounce ladies are dropped from the foundation. The decrease in the forces of the country’s in reverse conventions is because of the difficult work done by non-legislative associations through their campaigning. Their campaigning exercises are ordinarily done by keeping in touch with the officials, purchasing spaces and broadcast appointment for notices in the country’s print and electronic media and holding shows when there are indications of a p

Globalization and culture free essay sample

The article Globalization and Local Culture composed and distributed The Levin Institute, of the State University of New York talks about the impacts of globalization on nearby societies around the globe. The article expresses that as globalization is expanding step by step, the legislature and individuals are getting increasingly worried about their neighborhood social qualities. Globalization has not just furnished individuals with various assortments of items however it has likewise compromised neighborhood creation and customary makers. The presentation to various social items has changed nearby societies. The terms and models utilized in the article are compelling and powerful, for example, Americanization and McDonalization. The style which are utilized by essayist in the article were generally excellent. The articulation Americanization states how the similitude of the world societies spins around American culture. American culture has to a great extent influenced all the way of life of the world in light of the fact that the vast majority of the multinationals are American. Before, the food of a nation spoke to their way of life yet with Americanization, the food of numerous nations has changed. We will compose a custom exposition test on Globalization and culture or then again any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Food, yet it has additionally influenced the dietary patterns of various societies. As in Pakistan, individuals dont have the idea of remove conveyances. They sit together and appreciate the food however with the expansion of Americanization, presently individuals remove their conveyances and eat it out and about or during work. The term McDonalization of Society utilized by the Ritzer (a humanist) in the article implies that the world is being lead more by drive-through eateries. As indicated by statics, over the most recent fifty years McDonalds has opened 31000 new cafés around the world. The statics, dates and the validity of the Ritzer affirms the genuineness of the figures. He contends that the effect of globalization prompts worldwide consistency which incorporates nearby propensities and convention. Be that as it may, a few nations, for example, China have communicated a negative response to it. Individuals intensely challenged one part of Starbuck which was situated in Beijing which results into the shutdown in 2007.Another impact of Americanization helped me to remember the social estimations of Pakistan. Prior to globalization, Pakistan had an idea ofâ cohabitate family framework in which the grandparents live with every one of their children and their spouses and kids. Be that as it may, as the impact of Americanization expanded, the social worth has been lost in the greater part of the urban territories. There are presently retirement homes for the grandparents. Essayist says that it is advocated for the administration to be worried about nearby culture propensities yet their endeavor to intercede in the working of the market is inaccurate. Government can stop the work of different societies in their general public yet it can't stop its impact. Its better to give all the choices to the individuals and request that they settle on the best decision. For example, the Chinese government can boycott Facebook in their nation by restricting people groups decision, however when a global Chinese understudy goes anyplace around the globe he will probably open a Facebook account.

Search Engine Optimization (SEO) A Fundamental Knowledge

Search Engine Optimization (SEO) A Fundamental Knowledge Firms looking to compete in today’s global economy must have more than just a website. They must develop and implement a digital strategy â€" one that both supports their overall strategic business goals, and that allows each strategic business unit to leverage the tools and technologies available in today’s digital world.In the very early days of the Internet, the phrase “digital strategy” was almost synonymous with both the flashiness of one’s website, and the amount of banner advertising driving traffic to it. However, as search engines quickly grew in algorithmic sophistication and popular usage, search â€" and search engine optimization (SEO), rapidly became fundamental to  digital strategy for many firms (making search engine company owners billionaires, and search consultancies viable businesses in the process).Today, even with the proliferation of digital advertising opportunities, social media, mobile advertising and apps, primarily, firms must acquire visitors and channel them to a specific webpage in order to perform (or to convince them to perform) a certain task (most often, completing a purchase). This necessitates search engine optimization (SEO), which is the process by which businesses and individuals manipulate websites and webpages to increase their visibility in search engine results. © Shutterstock.com | TrueffelpixIn this article, we will cover 1) what is SEO,  2) a brief history of SEO,  3) the benefits of SEO,  4) the challenges of SEO,  and 5) a brief overview of common SEO methods.WHAT IS SEO?SEO defines the ever-evolving set of tools and techniques used to increase the position of a website or webpage in search results. Firms use SEO to ensure that consumers, especially those the firm has targeted, can find the firm’s website, microsite, and/or a specific landing page; once consumers are on the page, firms can sell product, serve marketing messages, obtain login information, or perform other actions that help the firm achieve its strategic goals.To understand SEO, it is important to understand how search engines work. Search engines use webcrawlers â€" software application that performs tasks over the Internet to automatically index and rank websites and pages. Webcrawlers are also known as spiders or robots and use information found on the website (in t he HTML code itself), and on external pages, to rank websites and webpages according to certain criteria. The exact set of criteria used by each search engine is a different proprietary algorithm, each unknown to the public. However, search firms have a stake in ensuring that websites are ranked and index correctly. After all, the core value they provide is in helping individuals find what they need. For this reason, they publicly disclose certain general information about what search engines look for, so that webmasters and web developers may properly code their sites, and that marketing departments may implement off-page SEO strategies. Further, much of what is known about how search engines rank webpages is learned through experimentation, by individuals, firms and SEO experts, all looking to determine what works and what doesn’t in context to their own site.It is important to note that as the volume and variety of data online increases each second, search engines continually, automatically evaluate, and reevaluate the rankings of each website and webpage. Therefore, changes one makes to a website or webpage (or lack thereof) can have a rapid effect on their website’s search engine rank position (SERP). Further, the engineers at search firms are continually intent on improving the relevance of their rankings to users. They study how users respond to search results and frequently adjust their algorithm to make their results more useful. Due to the dynamism of SERP, firms must ensure that their web services staff, and/or dedicated SEO professionals are employing SEO best practices, monitoring SERP, and learning about changes to search engine ranking criteria through trade publications and experimentation. HISTORY OF SEOEven though, the Web itself has been around for a relatively short period, its rapid evolution makes encapsulating its history in a few words a difficult task. So too it is with SEO, whose history parallels that of the Web. However, particu lar developments shed significant insight into the workings of search engines and the importance of SEO. To begin with, it is important to understand that humans initially and painstakingly, edited search engines. In 1994, a University of Washington student named Brian Pinkerton created the first publicly usable search engine that used a Web crawler to index webpages; it is called WebCrawler, and is still in operation today. Other notable search engines at the time include Excite (which purchased WebCrawler in 1996), Lycos, Yahoo, HotBot, AskJeeves, LookSmart, and AltaVista, all of which are still in operation today; many others have since closed down. Today, the four most common search engines: Google, Yahoo, Bing and Baidu hold approximately 97% of worldwide market share, led by Google with nearly 90%, which is why Google’s search evolution has driven the history of SEO.In 1998, Google launched and introduced PageRank, an aspect of its criteria that assessed webpages linking to a specific webpage in its evaluation of where a webpage should be ranked. In 2002, it further developed PageRank by introducing a PageRank toolbar for webmasters and SEO professionals to determine the best sites from which to obtain incoming links. The introduction of PageRank informed the development of many of the most popular and commonly used link-based SEO strategies still in use today. It also inspired many entrepreneurs and webmasters to look for opportunities to exploit the connection between SERP and incoming links. For example, in August of 2002, a firm known as SearchKing attempted to serve as a broker between webmasters to buy and sell links for SEO purposes. Google subsequently penalized SearchKing by reducing its PageRank dramatically.Page links were also often embedded in blog comments. In 2005, Google introduced a nofollow tag that allows blog administrators to ensure that blog spammers do not get credit in search. The tag is not only supported by Google search but M SN and Yahoo as well. Initially SEO professionals used this to try to emphasize certain pages over others, a practice that Google effectively stopped by adjusting their algorithm in 2008. Also in 2005, Google launched Google Analytics, which provided web professionals a wealth of information about the performance of their pages and content.The following year, SEO gained mainstream attention when Google banned BMW for cloaking â€" a practice in which users are served one set of content, and search engines are served another. And in 2009, Google acceded to the demands of the social media crowd by providing real-time search results. In 2010, Google and Bing confirmed that social media profiles, especially Twitter and Facebook, do influence SERP. 2011 saw the launch of Google Panda, designed to decrease the SERP of websites with low-quality content, as content mills â€" websites publishing low-quality content against which to sell ads had proliferated. Further, Google began to encrypt k eyword data to emphasize that webmasters and web developers should develop websites with an emphasis on high quality, relevant and consistent content. This was largely in response to SEO tactics like keyword stuffing â€" when webpage content is stuffed full of the keywords webmasters want associated with their site, whether or not the resulting content makes grammatical, syntactical, or logical sense or not.BENEFITS OF SEOSEO has numerous benefits, perhaps the most significant among them being the ability to increase traffic. It also allows a firm to drive qualified traffic to a website at lower costs than traditional (print, broadcast or outdoor) advertising. In addition, due to the low cost of many common search techniques, SEO initiatives often have an overall higher return on investment than many marketing initiatives. And unlike many offline marketing initiatives, SEO, through web analytics programs, provides quantifiable and trackable results, allowing firms to test, learn wha t works, and focus their efforts and time on effective strategies.Engagement rates are much higher with search than other forms of digital advertising and digital marketing, such as social media marketing. This is because the consumer has performed an action indicating an interest in a brand, product, or service, and is looking to be engaged, rather than passively receiving a marketing message, which may or may not resonate. Further, less than ten percent of visitors look past the second page of search results. As a result, consumers have been conditioned to imbue firms with top SERPs with more trust than others. High SERP often increases brand awareness, brand engagement, and purchasing likelihood are far higher.As search firms are ranking websites based on their ultimate usefulness to users, following proper SEO best practices forces you to create a more usable and useful site. For example, many small business owners create a static page with basic contact information, some direct marketing copy and a list of products/services, and then neglect their site. The resulting website, then, is useful only to consumers who are looking for that exact firm in that exact location. Search frowns on sites without a steady stream of regularly updated content. Firms with high SERPS often have regularly updated branded social media channels and blogs integrated into their website, regularly issue press releases about new products/services and industry developments, and consistently publish content about promotions and discounts. This creates content the consumer finds useful and induces repeat visits.Keywords still play a significant role in SEO, though a lesser one than in the early 2000s when keyword stuffing artificially inflated the SERP of many a website. The keywords consumers use to find a website can yield insights into how the brand or firm is perceived, and what marketing messages a consumer might respond to (based on what she/he has responded to). Keyword resear ch, which stems from SEO, allows a firm to ensure that brand/firm perception is aligned with marketing messages and develop stronger integrated marketing communications plans.SEO helps firms stand out from the hundreds of millions of other active websites, and billions of individual webpages online. Industry has long realized the potential and necessity of SEO, and the many firms have either personnel in place to handle SEO responsibilities or contract for SEO services. Firms that fail to do so are not only losing an opportunity, but may be outflanked by competitors who use SEO successfully as part of their sales strategy.CHALLENGES OF SEOWhile general strategies for achieving a high Search Engine Rank Position (SERP) are available on the webpages of search engines designed for webmasters, the exact mix of factors that search firms use to rank sites are trade secrets. This results in much guesswork and experimentation on behalf of webmasters and SEO professionals to achieve specific results.Further, generally speaking, search firms want their search engines to provide end-users with what they are looking for. This means indexing websites and webpages according to relevance (to the search query) and popularity (that determines inclusion and ranking in the search results). Because their goal is providing the most useful search results, they are vigilant against efforts to game the system. When search engines realize that an SEO method or methods are being used to artificially inflate website SERPs, they alter their algorithms to penalize the offenders. Case in point: SearchKing. And while it is well-known that publishing compelling and fresh content consistently is a fundamental driver of SEO, many web developers, webmasters, search consultants, and digital marketers still try to game the system through SEO methods known as black hat strategies. These bad actors can be blacklisted, but search firm responses cannot only affect those bad actors, but good actors (t hough usually to a lesser effect) as well.Other challenges on the business side include limited organizational understanding of, and resources dedicated to, SEO. This includes insufficient training of existing personnel, inadequate in-house staffing to implement SEO/no funding for external professionals, deficient integration with the firm’s marketing department, poor content strategy, and overestimation of SEO results. Any of these alone can derail SEO implementation; often firms with SEO exhibit a combination of the above challenges.Of particular importance is proper alignment with the firm’s marketing department. The web department will likely lack the expertise and time to handle both the technical aspects of optimization, and provide a steady stream of high quality (interesting, current, and well-written) content that is aligned with consumer interests, as well as both the firm’s branding standards, and its strategic marketing objectives. Too often, SEO is thought of in t erms of purely technical criteria, but if a firm’s marketing department and web services department are not working together, then no amount of coding will help it achieve its desired search engine rank. COMMON SEO METHODSThere are too many SEO strategies to name, but some of the most popular, effective, and long-lasting ones include:Content marketing: publishing and distributing online content to promote and brand and acquire customersInbound marketing: content marketing designed to funnel traffic to a website/pageSocial media marketing (SMM): inbound website/page marketing and promotion through social media networks/channelsLink building (also known as backlinking): the process of obtaining more inbound links to a website/page to increase its search visibilitySearch engine marketing (SEM): the promotion of a website/page’s visibility through both SEO tactics and paid search advertisingWhite hat SEO strategies: the collection of SEO strategies that follow best practices as outl ined by search engines. This includes publishing quality content, properly using metadata and keywords, and developing quality inbound links.Black hat SEO strategies: the collection of SEO strategies that are the opposite of best practices as outlined by search engines. This includes previously aforementioned techniques such as keyword stuffing, blog spamming, and cloaking.Grey hat SEO strategies: the collection of SEO strategies that are not explicitly to be avoided as per search engines but may still result in some penalty. This often includes new methods that have not yet seen widespread overuse meriting a global response from search engines.

Students With An Intellectual Disability - 920 Words

Student A is a 7th grade student with an intellectual disability. This student receives small group instruction in math, reading, writing, and social skills. He is included in the general education population for science and specials classes. This student has IEP goals and objectives in math, reading, writing, and behavior in his IEP. This error pattern analysis will focus on his math computation abilities. Student A’s is currently being progress monitored on the third grade level for math computation. He is monitored using a variety of assessments. The two most frequent assessments are AIMS Web Computation assessments and Moby Max math fluency. This error analysis will focus on his progress and scores using the Moby Max math fluency program. This is a computer-based program that the student uses daily. He was administered a placement test when he first began using the program that placed him in the appropriate lessons. The student works on his math fluency on Moby Max a minimum of twice a week. The other days of the week he is working on math problem solving on Moby Max. Student A is currently demonstrating 100% mastery of his addition facts at his current level. The student is only currently being assessed on his addition fact fluency through ten. Please see the chart below for the student’s progress. The student is also monitored on his subtraction fluency on a weekly basis. He demonstrates 100% proficiency on his subtract facts for zero through seven. Once he gets toShow MoreRelatedStudents With Intellectual Disabilities ( Id )1107 Words   |  5 Pagespertaining to students with Intellectual Disabilities (ID) in a classroom setting. I had interviewed Ms. Chisolm (Special Education Teacher) for the Jersey City Public Schools District, who works with students of multiple disabilities. Intelligence disabilities (ID) mean the mental capabilities of a child’s knowledge and skills. 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The first term is disability. Disability is an individual performing which includes physical, sensory, cognitive, intellectual mental illness impairments, and various types of chronic diseases. The next term involves intelligence. This term is the ability to think logically, reason out problems, prepare, und erstand difficult ideas, examine intellectually, and the ability to determine quickly and or acquireRead MoreDevelopmental Disabilities : A Diverse Group Of Chronic Conditions1384 Words   |  6 Pagessome it may be way tougher. Students with developmental disabilities face many challenges and have way less opportunities than students without them. My essay will study students with developmental disabilities, how they plan on exploring their everyday life and what they go through on a good and bad day. Developmental disabilities are a diverse group of chronic conditions that are due to mental or physical impairments (Trends In The Prevalence Of Developmental Disabilities In U.S Children, 2015). ThereRead MoreNeeds of Diverse Students1384 Words   |  6 PagesEducating Special Needs Students Identifying and providing for special needs children is essential to special education. Once a child has been diagnosis with a disability or multiple disabilities, a plan of care is initiated according to the severity of their condition and their needs. This plan is individualized; one child’s diagnosis is not a reflection of the wide range conditions that affect many children. Intellectual disabilities can be mild to profound, can be caused by different factors

The Great Old Vision Of The American Dream - 742 Words

Blend Suka Values American society says it values contentment. In a nation such as America, people need to keep gaining more. Even though civilization insists that they are happy with either money, friends, cars, houses they have, our society always wants more. In today’s society the great old vision of The American Dream is dead. It has been abandoned by the American society because society no longer values contentment. In the 21st century technology has gained the world a great new way of socializing, but technology has just as many advantages as disadvantages. Civilians crave the desire for more and it has increased with social media, seeing others accomplishments can cause an effect of jealously in society. With this society tends to think of oneself over others. What ultimately happens is the desire of power over others no matter the problems that come. Society desires power because life is much more acceptable when on top then when being controlled. The cause of greed is the want for dom inance in society. Dominance leads to the desire for more power. Having a dominance over a few people can be compelling, but may not be enough for some. Having power creates a happiness in one’s mind because having it done the way they want it done is more important than doing it any other way. Right or wrong society wants it done their way because having that power over others is fulfilling. Most people who strive for power may not have had any in their younger life and saw what itShow MoreRelatedEssay on F. Scott Firzgeralds The Great Gatsby777 Words   |  4 PagesFitzgeralds, The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald introduces his readers to very unique and dramatic characters that capture the audiences attention right from the start. The three main characters; Tom, Daisy, and Jay Gatsby are the main focus of this novel. 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These are all characteristics of Jay Gatsby, the main character of Fitzgeralds novel, The Great Gatsby.   Jay Gatsby is a tragic hero according to Aristotles definition.  Ã‚   Jay Gatsby is an enormouslyRead More Great Gatsby: Fitzgeralds Criticism Of The American Dream Essay501 Words   |  3 Pages Great Gatsby: Fitzgeralds Criticism of The American Dream The American Dream, as it arose in the Colonial period and developed in the nineteenth century, was based on the assumption that each person, no matter what his origins, could succeed in life on the sole basis of his or her own skill and effort. The dream was embodied in the ideal of the self-made man, just as it was embodied in Fitzgeralds own family by his grandfather, P. F. McQuillan. Fitzgeralds novel takes its place among other novelsRead More Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby and the Tragic Hero Essay977 Words   |  4 PagesFitzgeralds The Great Gatsby and the Tragic Hero      Ã‚  Ã‚   Aristotle invented a list of criteria in an attempt to determine the exact definition of a tragic hero.   The list states the following - the tragic hero must cause his own down fall; the tragic heros fate is undeserved; the tragic heros punishment exceeds his crime; the tragic hero must be a great and noble person according to the standards of the current society.   In Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby, Jay Gatsby can be defined as a tragicRead MoreF. Scott Fitzgerald s The Great Gatsby1290 Words   |  6 PagesAchieving the American Dream means reaching a level of material wealth and social status to almost everyone. 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The truth of the matterRead MoreGreat Gatsby1147 Words   |  5 Pagesto become truly great, one has to stand with people, not above them. Throughout F. Scott Fitzgeralds novel The Great Gatsby , protagonist Jay Gatsby progresses as a hero through his dedication for love, his youthful dreams, and his Christ-like persona. His passion for love reflects in his greatness; for he proves commitment, dedication, and a loving soul for others. Jay Gatsby lives the model of the American Dream in a youthful and undertaking way. Extravagance combined with dreams for success comesRead More Failure and the Degeneration of America in Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby1042 Words   |  5 Pages   The Great Gatsby is a bold and damning social commentary of America which critiques its degeneration from a nation of infinite hope and opportunity to a place of moral destitution. The novel is set during the Roaring Twenties, an era of outrageous excesses, wild lavish parties and sadly, an era of regret and lost potential. As the audience, they take us on a journey guided and influenced by the moral voice of Nick Carraway, a character who is simultaneously enchanted andRead MoreThroughout history, individuals from all over the world have been striving to come to America to600 Words   |  3 Pagesto live the â€Å"American Dream.† The American Dream can have different meanings but overall climbing the social ladder of success was the main goal. I selected the book, The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald. The Great Gatsby exposes society in the 1920’s and demonstrates how a dream can be corrupted in an era of decayed social and moral values. The American Dream was originally about discovery, individualism, and the pursuit of happiness but has transformed into a materialistic vision of wealth, powerRead MoreDestruction of Dreams, Failure of Dreamers in Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby1489 Words   |  6 Pages Jay Gatsby, the protagonist of F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel, The Great Gatsby, is used to contrast a real American dreamer against what had become of American society during the 1920s.   By magnifying the tragic fate of dreamers, conveying that twenties America lacked the substance to fulfill dreams and exposing the shallowness of Jazz-Age Americans, Fitzgerald foreshadows the destruction of his own generation. The beauty and splendor of Gatsbys parties masked the innate corruption within the

My Ending to Lamb to the Slaughter Free Essays

Lamb to the Slaughter’s Ending It’s the same nightmare that haunts me every day. I wrapped bed sheet around my fragile frame covering my body, which is drenched with cold drops of sweat. I crawled to the darkest corner in my bedroom trembling of fear as I sank in the darkness. We will write a custom essay sample on My Ending to Lamb to the Slaughter or any similar topic only for you Order Now The voices never leave my side; they echo in my head like a drum whether I am awake or asleep. The moon light was tickling my eyes. I felt like an empty shell as I sat there on the freezing-cold ground while my high body temperature was emerging with the coldness of the ground. I leaned my bare back against the cold wall. I closed my eyes, lifted my chin up, and covered my ears very tightly. â€Å" You must find the truth â€Å" the voice said. It’s the same voice in my nightmare. Even though I don’t remember it when I wake up, but I have this feeling bottled inside of me that I have been having the same nightmare over and over every day, and that this voice haunting me is the same voice in my nightmare. I heard the creaking sound of the door opening as I saw my mother, the only person I have left, appearing like a shinning angel reaching out her hand for me in the darkness. She took her steps towards me as her soft brunette hair brushed my face, and her wide crystal emerald green eyes were glued to me. â€Å"Another nightmare? † she looked worried. â€Å" I just feel that there is something I am missing in this world,† I continued, â€Å" That there is something I must discover to put these nightmares and voices to sleep†. â€Å" You have a big day tomorrow , so go back to sleep,† she threw me one of her fake smiles. My name is Jessica Patrick. I got my ghostly-while skin from my father. I mean I totally look like Casper and his ghost buddies! I have a shiny golden hair that falls, beneath my shoulders into a tassel of soft curls. My eyes are lovely midnight blue and around my pupil, I have a silver lining around both of them on my eyes. I am twenty-five years old. My father was murdered before I was even born, but they never find out the murderer; as a result, the case was closed. I only saw my father’s face through pictures, but Mom never really talked about him. I only heard about him from our neighbors. They said that my father was a fine man. He loved my mother a lot, and he was really looking forward to y birth, looking forward to see the face of his very first child. I also heard that he was a police officer, and that he was very serious and passionate toward his work. The wrinkles that filled his face in a young age indeed was just a proof of that. He never skipped work, but he also made sure that his wife doesn’t have to look at the clock for too long. Everyone used to love him because of his consoli ng, yet serious personality. He just used to be the centre of the attention in his work, but they said he changed before he was killed. He was acting really strange as if something was bothering him. Everyone is saying that I look, act, and even think just like him. Today, is an important today in my life because today I will finally graduate from college and can work as a detective. I want to find the one who killed my father. I know that twenty-five years have passed since then, and the possibility of actually finding the murderer is almost impossible. I am sure I can do it though. I barely stood up as I was trying to steady my balance. I stand on my trembling legs wondering how is it that I can keep standing up with my legs shaking like this. I follow the same footsteps I walk on everyday to go to the bathroom. As I was washing my face, I felt hot air on my back. I turned around to see blood covering every inch of the room. I could barely see any color other than red. â€Å" The nightmare has begun. Your life shall be mine. PE PRAPERED! YOU SHOULDN’T HAVE COME HERE TODAY. Your time is running out,† was written by blood. I had no idea what did that mean. It wasn’t good news for sure. I started stepping backward as slowly and as soundlessly as possible until my back touched the sink. I turned around to look at the mirror. There was something wrong! I was there in the reflection, but in a totally different place. I couldn’t help but to touch the mirror. I don’t know what exactly happened but I opened my eyes to find myself in a totally different place. This is my childhood. I was looking at myself being bullied by the other kids at my school. I was always called ‘freak’. It’s not that I am a freak. It’s just that unlike other children. I didn’t want a doll. I wanted to buy a DVD of Detective Conan. I always wanted to be a detective. I was always jealous of the other kids in my school when their fathers used to pick them up. They just looked so happy. Why is it that they can be happy, and I can’t? Why did my father have to die? I wanted to take their happiness away. I wanted to be wrapped by my father’s hands. I wanted to be hugged by his warmth and never have to feel this coldness. I always thought that maybe if I found the murderer maybe then I can be happy. â€Å" Guilt is something we humans always feel. It is guilt that keeps us awake in the night. We always think that if we only could go back in time we would have done that and this. Don’t you agree with me Jessica Patrick? I heard as everything disappeared leaving nothing but me. â€Å" Who are you? How do you know my name? † I demanded. â€Å" You should find the answers yourself. How about we play a game of fate and destiny? † He questioned. â€Å" A game? † I raised an eyebrow. â€Å" Jessica Patrick. You’re twenty- five years old. You want to be a detective, and find the murderer that killed y our father. When you used to be a child, you used to be envious of everyone because they all had fathers, and you didn’t. Is that correct? † He sounded as if he was smirking. â€Å" Wait! How do you know all that? I panicked. â€Å" in front of you there are two door. The one on your right shall take you back to the real world. You would wake up normally and won’t remember a thing; however, you won’t have any another chance. The door on your left might change your life. If you choose the left door, you can discover the one who killed your father and even stop the death of your father; however, be warned changing the future is extremely dangerous. Which door will you choose? † He asked for my decision. So basically if I chose the door on my left, I will go back to my life. I can to my life, but there is big chance that I won’t find the murderer. Though I won’t remember this, but still I don’t want to have an opportunity like this and let it fly away. The door on the left side can change my whole life. I don’t know If it can kill me, but I guess the only way to find out for sure is to give a try. â€Å" I choose the left door,† I said with a slight hesitation hidden in my voice. â€Å" Very well, I shall give you an advice. The future can change by the simplest changes. The one you are looking for is someone you know. Beware of your enemy. No one is to be trusted but yourself. Before you start, you must know a few things,† he pointed out. â€Å" What kind of things? † I asked. â€Å" You only have two chances. If you father gets killed again, your soul will be mine; in other words, you will be nothing but an empty doll in the real world, and a clock will appear on your left shoulder the moment you walk into that door,† he cleared out. â€Å" I get it,† I said trying to look unshaken by his words. I finally saw everything. It left me awed-struck at the beauty of it. The fountains are covered in diamonds from head to toe. The water inside shimmered brightly. I saw an endless amount of doors wondering what existed behind them. Exotic lamps made of pure gold. Statues were everywhere. The door on my left was huge and silver with black swirls all over it as twine does. The door opened as I took my steps cautiously towards it. I opened my eyes to find myself in a house that kind of looked similar to me. I had a feeling inside of me that I’ve been to this house. I suddenly saw my father sitting in the living room along with my mother. He looked bothered by something He sounded as if he was breaking up with my mother. I looked at the clock. I just understood. I only have one hour to solve this and change the future. I have to find the truth no matter what. I followed them to find mom swinging a big frozen leg of lamb high in the air and brought it down as hard as she could on dad’s head. I can never believe that my mother was the one who killed my father. I went back the moment my father entered the house, but the time I have left is only thirty minutes now. I have to do the right thing, but what is it? I quickly ran down and closed the door so that my mother won’t be able to open it that way she can never take the leg of the lamb, and my dad will leave her. The clock was shinning. I know that by doing this I’ve made a choice, which means I have to go back to my time and find if I made the right decision. â€Å" I see you’ve stopped your mother. Very simple way, yet very effective. You listened and understood my advice carefully as I said the future can be changed by simple changes. You do realize that you trying to have another chance to save your father costs you something right? † He asked me straightforwardly. Yes,† I closed my eyes. â€Å" You shall forget everything. When you wake up, you will be blind and you won’t remember ever coming to this place,† he said. It appeared that my father was having a dangerous case that’s why he had to leave my mother. He didn’t know when can he go back to her; as a result, he didnà ¢â‚¬â„¢t explain it to her. After a year, he came back to her side. I believe that she was happy that she couldn’t open the door at that time and killed my father. I may have become blind, but at least now I can feel warmth. I always know that my parents are there by my side, and I never had nightmares again. The End. How to cite My Ending to Lamb to the Slaughter, Essay examples

The Fur Trade Period in the Indian Territory Essay Example For Students

The Fur Trade Period in the Indian Territory Essay Images of rough faced, Grizzly Bear fighting, firewater drinking, yarn spinning, frontiersmen form in the minds eye. Wild men for wild times! To a degree this image is true, but the fur trade was more than wild men. The fur trade was a business, conducted by businessmen. The wilder men living on the frontier chose trapping. Fashion created the fur trade as businessmen sought to satisfy the tastes of designers and customers back east and in Europe, where furs and hides were necessities for fashionable clothing and accessories. Fashions also affected the Indians who sought, silver, vermillion, glass beads, and clothe from traders. Each group depended on the other to supply the resources. Vanity being the driving force, each thought the other made a poor trade. For nearly a century, the fur industry was big business on the frontier, and as the frontier-expanded west, the riches of the region also expanded. The fur trade flourished in Oklahoma due to the abundance of untapped resources o f game and easily accessible river ways, two essential ingredients for the fur trade industry. We will write a custom essay on The Fur Trade Period in the Indian Territory specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Trading and trapping among the Indians wasnt always an easy or profitable venture as many unfortunates found out. Trapping could prove fatal for many a skinner by rival Indian trappers or from war parties in disputed tribal lands. Nathaniel Fillbrook and a group of men trapping on the Blue River, about 30 miles from the Red, were attacked and killed by an Osage war party. Traders too, were at risk, as John McKnight discovered. McKnight, after setting up a post on the Beaver fork of the Canadian, was attacked and killed and his inventory taken by a Comanche raiding party. Alliances with warring tribes also caused problems for traders. Joseph Bougies post on the Verdigris was attacked and plundered by Choctaws because he was trading with their enemy the Osage. In 1824, due to escalating conflicts between Osages and eastern tribes, the government constructed Ft. Gibson at the mouth of the Neosho on the Arkansas River, thus adding government settlers or merchants to the mix of traders and changing trade practices in the area forever. Should peace be restored, the different tribes would turn their attention altogether to hunting, consequently the Arkansas River would become as valuable highway as the Mississippi and Missouri for the transportation of furs and other articles of Indian trade, A.P. Chouteau. As the Civilized Tribes were being relocated, the U.S. army sent expeditions west. While preparing for one such expedition, Washington Irving in his journal A Tour of the Prairies recounts the scene at Chouteau’s trading post as; a few log houses on the banks of the river, surrounded by a group of Osages simple in garb and aspect, a party of Creeks quite oriental in their appearance, a sprinkling of trappers, hunters, half-breeds, Creoles, Negroes, and other rabble of nondescript beings between civilized and savage life. The fur trade also took place along the Red River. Here no one trader dominated like the Chouteau family of the three forks area. Independent traders established posts along the Red River to trade with the Kiowas and Comanches and the Choctaws and Chickasaws. Josiah Doaks began a small post near the junction of the Kiamichi and Red Rivers in 1821. Another early trader Holland Coffee, and his partner Silas Colville, built a series of trading posts at the North, South, and the Salt Forks of the Red river in 1833. His last post, built in 1837, stood at the mouth of the Wa*censored*a River. Another Red River trader, Able Warren, built a post on Cache Creek in 1839. Col. W. J. Weaver described it: The post was surrounded by a strong heavy picket in the ground about 15 feet high with a two-story log tower on each corner with portholes for shooting. On two sides of the enclosure were strong gates for the admission of stock and wagon trains. These were the last fur trade posts built in India n Territory. .u8aba0fb597a3fac48d400aa376e4ff12 , .u8aba0fb597a3fac48d400aa376e4ff12 .postImageUrl , .u8aba0fb597a3fac48d400aa376e4ff12 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8aba0fb597a3fac48d400aa376e4ff12 , .u8aba0fb597a3fac48d400aa376e4ff12:hover , .u8aba0fb597a3fac48d400aa376e4ff12:visited , .u8aba0fb597a3fac48d400aa376e4ff12:active { border:0!important; } .u8aba0fb597a3fac48d400aa376e4ff12 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8aba0fb597a3fac48d400aa376e4ff12 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8aba0fb597a3fac48d400aa376e4ff12:active , .u8aba0fb597a3fac48d400aa376e4ff12:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8aba0fb597a3fac48d400aa376e4ff12 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8aba0fb597a3fac48d400aa376e4ff12 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8aba0fb597a3fac48d400aa376e4ff12 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8aba0fb597a3fac48d400aa376e4ff12 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8aba0fb597a3fac48d400aa376e4ff12:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8aba0fb597a3fac48d400aa376e4ff12 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8aba0fb597a3fac48d400aa376e4ff12 .u8aba0fb597a3fac48d400aa376e4ff12-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8aba0fb597a3fac48d400aa376e4ff12:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Art And Science Of Teaching EssayIndians did most of the early trapping, trading furs and hides for merchandise. The American, French, and Scots trappers did not work for trade items but rather for cash. With the Indian removal came restrictions on who could do business in the territory. The principal trappers became the newly removed Civilized tribes. In the removal treaties, relocated families received traps along with their allotted rations, thus encouraging them in the trapping business. As the trappers changed so did the goods traded. In the beginning traders dealt in vermillion, silver, guns, ammunition, trade blankets, knives, beads, awls, some cloth, some horse tack, some clothing, copper kettles, sugar, and mirrors. These items were traded for various furs. Furs sent to eastern markets would be used for various fashions, for example; beaver would be used in making hats for men and women. Raccoon fur became coats, trimmings, women’s hand warmers, and military Shakos. Deer hides became gloves and pants. The rates of exchange varied according to the markets back east as well as Europe. An example of what the trade rates might be is found in A.P. Chouteau’s records. A trade gun that cost Chouteau $12 would bring 16 beaver hides in trade. This of course was always subject to change, and change it did. As the relocated five tribes settled the region, towns were built and the fur trade posts began to accept annuities for mercantile goods. There are 2 traders located within a half mile of Ft.Towson, both of them are respectable men, and adhere most rigidly to the laws of the US. The annuities are paid near these trading houses, and the Indians remain about us for several days, after they get their money, for the purpose of trading. Lt.Col. J H Vose ,3rd Inf. The trading posts gradually began to look like the general stores in the east. Fur trade would continue at these posts but the clientele of the posts now included homesteaders, farmers and businessmen. Trapping became less important to the trader. Trapping became more difficult as homesteaders expanded west. Fur trade continued in the Indian Territory up into the 1870s but it is clear that by 1840 the trade business had evolved into a mercantile business. As you can see, fur trade was a very important concept in Indian Territory. I don’t know if I would say that it was everything, like the scholar stated, but I do agree that it was one of the most important. The fur trade encompassed all of the efforts of the Indians involved and it was there lifeline. Without the fur trade, the lives of many Indians would be greatly different. Bibliography:

Quote vs. Quotation, Invite vs. Invitation

Quote vs. Quotation, Invite vs. Invitation Quote vs. Quotation, Invite vs. Invitation Quote vs. Quotation, Invite vs. Invitation By Maeve Maddox One of my college professors insisted that quote is a verb and quotation is a noun and never the twain shall meet. For example, a writer quotes from an author, but the quoted material is a quotation, never â€Å"a quote.† Although I still observe the distinction in my own writing, I have become aware that both the OED and Merriam-Webster recognize the use of quote as a noun. Most English words ending in -tion have French cognates, for example: information, confirmation, and position. Such words came into English in the Middle Ages from French. In M.E. the ending of these French borrowings was spelled -cioun; later the ending came to be spelled -tion in both languages. Through the centuries, many -tion words have lost their endings, and more are in the process of doing so. English words ending in -tion tend to lose the suffix when the first part of the word retains the word’s meaning without it. Here are some shortened -tion nouns that have become accepted into standard English: quote from quotation ID or I.D. from identification insert from insertion Here are some that the OED still labels colloquial or slang: invite from invitation info from information admin from administration prep from preparation promo from promotion (in the sense of publicity) ammo from ammunition NOTE: M-W does not agree with OED on all of the shortened -tion words. For example, while M-W labels the noun invite â€Å"chiefly dialectal,† it admits ammo as a standard word. OED does not have an entry for specs with the meaning specifications, but M-W has. Many speakers cringe when they hear or read invite used as a noun, but the tendency to drop -tion when the rest of the word is sufficiently meaningful without it, is strong in English. I may not like hearing invite used as a noun, but enough speakers use it that way for it to make a comeback. Yes, comeback: 1659  Ã‚   H. LEstrange Alliance Divine Offices 326  Ã‚   Bishop Cranmer..gives him an earnest invite to England. OED documentation. A second tendency with -tion words that I find it difficult to accept with equanimity concerns verbs. The function of the suffix -tion is to change a verb into a noun: examine/examination, locate/location, converse/conversation, interpret/interpretation. Some speakers, however, perhaps because they are not familiar with the underlying verb, create a new verb via back formation. For these speakers, orientation become orientate; interpretation becomes interpretate, and conversation becomes conversate. NOTE: Back-formation is the formation of what looks like a root-word from an already existing word which might be (but is not) a derivative of the former. Of the words I just listed, orientate has become standard in British English, but it is still regarded as nonstandard in American English. Interpretate does appear in the OED, but it is labelled â€Å"rare or obsolete†; the most recent example of its use is dated 1866. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Idioms About Legs, Feet, and ToesDoes "Mr" Take a Period?20 Ways to Cry

Cholera Map of Dr. John Snow

Cholera Map of Dr. John Snow In the mid-1850s, doctors and scientists knew there was a deadly disease called the cholera poison rampaging through London, but they werent sure how it was being transmitted. Dr. John Snow used mapping and other techniques that would later be known as medical geography to confirm that the transmission of the disease occurred by swallowing contaminated water or food. Dr. Snows mapping of the 1854 cholera epidemic has saved countless lives. The Mysterious Disease While we now know that this cholera poison is spread by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, scientists in the early 19th century thought it was spread by miasma (bad air).  Without knowing how an epidemic spreads, there is no way to stop it. When a cholera epidemic occurred, it was deadly. Since cholera is an infection of the small intestine, it results in extreme diarrhea. This often leads to massive dehydration, which can create sunken eyes and blue skin. Death can occur within hours. If treatment is given quickly enough, the disease can be overcome by giving the victim a lot of fluids, either by mouth or intravenously. In the 19th century, there were no cars or telephones and so getting quick treatment was often difficult. What London needed was someone to figure out how this deadly disease spread. The 1849 London Outbreak While Cholera has existed in Northern India for centuries (and it is from this region that regular outbreaks are spread) it was the London outbreaks that brought cholera to the attention of British physician Dr. John Snow. In an 1849 cholera outbreak in London, a large proportion of the victims received their water from two water companies. Both of these water companies had the source of their water on the Thames River, just downstream from a sewer outlet. Despite this coincidence, the prevailing belief of the time was that it was bad air that was causing the deaths. Dr. Snow felt differently, believing that the disease was caused by something ingested. He wrote down his theory in the essay, On the Mode of Communication of Cholera, but neither the public nor his peers were convinced. The 1854 London Outbreak When another cholera outbreak hit the Soho area of London in 1854, Dr. Snow found a way to test his ingestion theory. Dr. Snow plotted the distribution of deaths in London on a map. He determined that an unusually high number of deaths were taking place near a water pump on Broad Street (now Broadwick Street). Snows findings led him to petition the local authorities to remove the pumps handle. This was done and the number of cholera deaths was dramatically reduced. The pump had been contaminated by a dirty baby diaper that had leaked the cholera bacteria into the water supply. Cholera Is Still Deadly Although we now know how cholera is spread and have found a way to treat patients who have it, cholera is still a very deadly disease. Striking quickly, many people with cholera dont realize how serious their situation is until it is too late. Also, new inventions such as airplanes have aided the spread of cholera, letting it surface in parts of the world where cholera has otherwise been eradicated. According to the World Health Organization, there are up to 4.3 million cases of cholera each year, with approximately 142,000 deaths. Medical Geography The work of Dr. Snow stands out as one of the most famous and earliest cases of medical geography, where geography and maps are utilized to understand the spread of disease. Today, specially trained medical geographers and medical practitioners routinely use mapping and advanced technology to understand the diffusion and spread of diseases such as AIDS and cancer. A map is not just an effective tool for finding the right place, it can also save a life.

An analysis of counselling and counselling skill as a therapeutic Essay - 1

An analysis of counselling and counselling skill as a therapeutic intervention in nursing an amputee patient - Essay Example Counselling skills involve the use of a range of specific skills by the counsellor to help the client. The core of counselling skills includes the skills of listening, reflecting and empathy (Corney, 1995.) There is no universally accepted single definition for counselling skills. Counselling skills differs from listening skills and counselling on the basis of the intentions of the user (Palmer & MacMahon, 1997). The intention is to enhance the performance of their functional role, as nurse, tutor, social worker etc., and in turn, the recipient will, perceive them in that functional role (Palmer & MacMahon, 1997) In other words, it can be said that a person using counselling skills is enhancing communication with someone without assuming a role as their counsellor (Palmer & MacMahon, 1997). The recipient perceives this as an action within a professional/caring role (Palmer S, MacMahon G, 1997) Not every one who uses counselling skills can be called a counsellor. A counsellor uses counselling skills as a distinct profession (Sutton & Stewart, 2002). Others might use counselling skills as part of their other skills. This might be only temporary (Sutton & Stewart, 2002.) There is a difference between counselling, advice, persuasion and undue influence. Advice involves telling a person what to do or not to do. Counselling involves telling a person what is possible, and not what to do (Sutton & Stewart, 2002.) Exerting undue influence or manipulation is done against a persons will, making the person feel uncomfortable or angry. Counselling on the other hand involves exploration of all the alternatives (Sutton & Stewart, 2002.) There is also a difference between counselling and other forms of helping. The primary difference is the way in which the counsellor actively listens. It also involves being aware of the client’s non-verbal communications, body posture, gestures etc. (Sutton & Stewart, 2002.) 1. Interpersonal skills-a competent

Research and DNP Programs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Research and DNP Programs - Essay Example Nursing has evolved with time right from the days of Florence Nightingale, the founder of modern nursing who saw the role of nursing as having "change of somebody's health" based on the knowledge of "how to put the body in such a state to be free of disease or to recover from disease". The early twentieth century saw the affiliation of nursing education with Universities and formation of nursing organizations. The early twenty first century saw nursing as a profession with population changes, increased life span, new diseases like cancer and life style changes throwing new challenges on the profession. Thus, today nursing is a profession rather than a vocation (Patricia A Potter, 2005). The profession has extended education avenues, a body of knowledge leading to defined skills, an ability to provide specific service, professional autonomy to make decisions governed by a code of ethics. Autonomy is an element of nursing profession today. Autonomy means that a nurse is independent reasonably and self-governing in making decisions in practice. There are independent measures a nurse can initiate without medical orders. The nurse is a 'client advocate'. She protects the human and legal rights of the patient under her care, based on his/her cultural and religious affil iations. The nurse is a 'Care Giver' helping the patient regain health through the process of healing. Healing is not just curing of the illness, but a process that addresses the holistic health care needs of the patient including emotional, spiritual and social well being. The nurse is the pivot of all communications in the health care delivery system. Communication includes documentary communication for legal safe guards and also communication with patients and their families. The process of communication is vital to give effective care, take decisions, co-ordinate manage patient care, assist in rehabilitation and offer comfort. A nurse explains to her patients the concepts and facts of health, demonstrates health care and self care activities so that the patient understands the importance of these aspects of health care. She informally reinforces client behavior by simple conversations. She also instructs formally about medications and the action plan for recovery. As a clinical decision maker, a nurse coordinates the activities of other members of the Health Care team like physiotherapists or nutrionists. The nurse takes these decisions alone or in collaboration with the patient or patient family on care aspects, evaluation of care results and the best approach for the desired result (Patricia A Potter, 2005). Thus, there is a need for introduction of a research-based curriculum in DNP programs to cater to the neo needs of a professional nurse. Nurses who take their nursing education to the PhD level are nurse Scientists. Roper Logan and Tierney model of nursing (1980) recognizes 12 activities in patient care. This includes, maintaining a safe environment, communication, breathing, eating/drinking, elimination, washing/dressing, thermoregulation, mobility, work/play,

Platon le Professeur: Une Interprétation Pédagogique du Théétète de Pla

Platon le Professeur: Une Interprà ©tation Pà ©dagogique du Thà ©Ãƒ ©tà ¨te de Platon ABSTRACT: The author argues that the true unity of the Theaetetus is to be found in its purpose as an example of philosophical teaching to the students of the academy. Le lecteur du Thà ©Ãƒ ©tà ¨te peut difficelement à ©viter de se poser des questions sur son caractà ¨re gà ©nà ©ral, sur sa fonction, son intention et sur sa place au sein de l'actività © philosophique de Platon pendant la pà ©riode à   laquelle il appartient; ces questions sont lià ©Ãƒ ©s à   une autre, celle de l'unità © de l'oeuvre. I. Commenà §ons par cette dernià ¨re: dans quelle mesure peut-on dire que le Thà ©Ãƒ ©tà ¨te jouit d'une certaine "unità ©"? Selon le dialogue lui-mà ªme la question: qu'est-ce que le savoir? reà §oit successivement trois rà ©ponses et toutes les trois sont rejetà ©es, à   la suite de quoi Socrate rappelle le thà ¨me de la maà ®eutique qu'on a rencontrà © au dà ©but de la discussion. Il y a donc apparemment deux permanances: la question de la dà ©finition du savoir et l'intention maà ®eutique du dialogue. Mais cette "unità ©" est bien extà ©rieure. L'actività © maà ®eutique porte à ©videmment sur les trois dà ©finitions successives du savoir. Or, il y a lieu de douter de l'existence d'un lien và ©ritable entre les trois, en particulier entre la premià ¨re et la seconde. D'autre part, on peut montrer que le sens d'epistà ªmà ª change d'une partie à   l'autre du dialogue, et l'on ne voit pas trà ¨s clairement si la discussion porte sur l'epistà ªmà ª (le savoir) ou sur l'epistasthai (savoir) ou encore sur la pensà ©e (ce qui est le cas effectivement dans la plus grande partie du dia logue). L'unità © du sujet peut à ªtre donc sà ©rieusement mise en doute. Mà ªme la permanence des interlocuteurs n'est pas aussi à ©vidente qu'il paraà ®t. En effet, il ... ...l'ignorance, c'est l'opinion fausse (comme dit le dialogue d'ailleurs à   un certain moment); nous pouvons penser aussi à   Isocrate. Les traductions seront celles de Dià ¨s. (2) La discussion sur l'erreur a, aux yeux de Socrate lui-mà ªme, la valeur d'une digression: il reconnaà ®t en effet (200 c-d) son tort d'avoir entrepris cette discussion avant d'arriver à   une dà ©finition de la science, ce qui est une volte-face (de toute à ©vidence feinte) pouvant avoir comme signification que toute cette discussion est, par rapport au sujet du dialogue, une parenthà ¨se qui pouvait à ªtre à ©vità ©e; cf. encore 187 d oà ¹ Socrate hà ©site à   soulever ce problà ¨me. (3) Le sens "pensà ©e", pour doxa, est cependant dominant dans la digression sur l'erreur (187 d-200 b). (4) Rappelons que la solution du Sophiste ne passe pas par la dà ©finition de la science. (5) Cità © par Dià ¨s, Notice, p. 141.

Negative effect of Computer on Children Essay

Topic sentence: Regular use of computer can have negative effect on children. Cause 1: Danger of headache and vision problem * exposer to screen bright light * effect on vision and head Cause 2: long use of computer deprived children from outdoor activities -gain weight and obesity Cause 3: Use of computer may lead children to topics that are beyond their imagination -unreal world -world created by technology In conclusion, excessive use of computer may cause overweight, headache, and vision problem. Regular use of computer can have some negative effects on children. First, children who use the computer for a long time may be at the danger for developing headache and vision problem. According to Anttila (2002), â€Å"It is often observed to tense and tender in children with headache.†(p.17).Second, most of children gain weight when they use computer for a long time because they are deprived from outdoor activities. In addition, Burke, Beilin, Durkin, Hougton and Cameron (2006) reveals that â€Å"television viewing and computer use are widely considered to contribute to the current increase in overweight and obesity in children †¦to fatness in most reported studies.†(Television, computer use, physical activity, diet and fitness in Australian adolescents, p.1) One of the most serious negative effects of computer on children is the exposure to topics that are beyond their understanding .Furthermore, Peter Mansbride points out that â€Å"the simplicity of the past is gone, replaced by a realism easily created by the latest technology† (The bloody bad games, para.1).In conclusion, excessive use of computer may cause overweight, headache, and vision problem. References 1. Tornoe,B.&Skov,L.(2012) Computer animated relaxation therapy in children between 7 and 13 years with tension-type headache: A pilot study.37(1),35- 44,10p. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=71671677&site=ehost-live&scope=site 2. Burke,V.,Beilin,L.Durkin,K.stritzke,W.G.K.,Houghton,S.&Camron , C.A. (2006) Television, computer use, physical activity, diet and fatness in Australian adolescents.1(4)248-225,8p. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=23220041&site=ehost-live&scope=site 3. Mansbridge,P.(2003)The bloody bad games,116(50)20-20.2/3p. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=11642732&site=ehost-live&scope=site

Starbucks Human Resource Management Policies and the Growth Challenge Free Essay Example, 2250 words

If Starbucks continues to focus on its recruitment strategy and ensures that it abides by the principles of the mission statement, the company would be able to make remarkable progress maintaining its attrition levels lowest in the industry. Another important factor that contributed to the company s growth was its training program. After inducting employees, they were given training for 24 hours which helped them to understand the organization s principles and the managers were given training for about 8 to 12 weeks (Regani S., 2005). These training programmes helped the employees to develop their skills and knowledge base and get acquainted with the company s objectives. Proper induction training was followed by on the job or off- the job training which helped employees to understand their operational responsibilities. This imbibed within them a sense of being an important part of the organization. This made them understand the importance of the role played by them. The company should improvise its training standards to meet the requirements of today s changing demands of the industry. With the changing competitive scenario and the nature of jobs, the company needs to update its training methods accordingly in order to enhance the productivity of the employees. One of the most important factors that had helped the company to build a committed and highly productive workforce was the benefit schemes adopted by the company. We will write a custom essay sample on Starbucks' Human Resource Management Policies and the Growth Challenge or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page The company launched a work-life balance program which not only included the full-time employees of the organization but was extended to include even the part-timers.

Alcoholism Essay - 678 Words

Alcoholism Alcoholism refers the drinking of alcohol to such a degree that major aspects of ones life are seriously and repeatedly interfered with. These aspects include work, school, family relationships, personal safety and health. Alcoholism is considered a disease. It has known physical, psychological and social symptoms. An alcoholic continues to drink even despite the destructive consequences. Alcoholism is serious and progressive. It can be fatal if not treated. Alcoholism is a very complex disorder. An alcoholic who stops drinking for a while is considered recovering, not cured. A person does not have to drink every day in order to be considered an alcoholic. Likewise, someone who drinks frequently or†¦show more content†¦Some common symptoms of alcoholism in the early stages are constant drinking for relief of personal problems, an increase in ones tolerance for alcohol, memory lapses or blackouts while drinking, and an urgent craving for alcohol. In the middle and late phases, dependence on alcohol causes tremors and agitation only relievable by alcohol. Most likely, a combination of biological, psychological, and cultural factors contribute to the development of alcoholism in any individual. Alcoholism often seems to run in families. Although there is no conclusive indication of the alcoholic family member is associated, studies show that 50 to 80 percent of all alcoholics have had a close alcoholic relative. Some researchers believe that one inherits an addiction for alcohol. Studies on animals and twins seem to support this theory. One study suggests that a susceptibility to alcoholism may be linked to a gene on chromosome eleven. Alcoholism may also be related to emotional problems. For example, alcoholism is sometimes associated with a family history of maniac-depression. Some alcoholics have used alcohol medicate a depressive disorder. Alcoholics commonly drown their depressed or anxious feelings with alcohol. Some may drink to reduce inhibitions or negative feelings. Many alcoholics share experiences of loneliness,Show MoreRelatedAlcoholism : Alcoholism And Alcoholism2482 Words   |  10 Pageslead to extreme alcohol abuse and even alcoholism. The society we live in is strongly prejudiced by alcohol, and affects people of all ages, gender, and background. It has been uncovered to millionaires to the homeless. Alcohol abuse has been a problem throughout the history of humanity; it is a disease which has caused many people to be overcome with trouble, problems, and debts also pattern of drinking that interferes with day-to-day activities. Alcoholism is a term that is widely recognized throughoutRead MoreAlcoholism The Disease : Alcoholism And Alcoholism1829 Words   |  8 PagesAlcoholism the Disease According to the Dual Diagnosis website, â€Å"In 2012, as many as 87.6 percent of American adults over age 18 were reported in a SAHMSA†¦study to have consumed alcohol at some point in their lives†¦The National Institutes of Health†¦estimated that 17 million adults in the United States in 2012 had an alcohol use disorder† (â€Å"Disease†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). Approximately one in every 12 people either are abusing alcohol, or they are becoming, if not are, victims of alcoholism (National†¦). Alcohol consumptionRead MoreAlcoholism And Their Effects On Alcoholism Essay1326 Words   |  6 PagesMillions of people every year are affected by alcoholism. Both those suffering from alcoholism, and their family members. Out of the millions effected, only a fraction of them seek help in taking control of their addiction. There are many similarities between individual cases of alcoholism, and countless resources to help those who wish to stop drinking, and rekindle their relationships with their families. Statistics In 2014 in the United States 87.6% of people age 18 and older have reported drinkingRead MoreThe Dangers Of Alcoholism And Alcoholism1165 Words   |  5 Pagessomeone to drink and how can they overcome alcoholism? Are a person s emotions the motivating factor to suppress depression or hate? Are social groups, peer pressure, or the need to fit in the primary motivator or is it a result from the type of environment the drinker was raised in? Is it possible to overcome alcoholism and live a happy and normal life? Let’s take a look at a few of the factors that could motivate someone to fall victim to alcoholism and the chances of overcoming this dreadfulRead MoreAlcoholism : Is Alcoholism A Disease?929 Words   |  4 PagesAlcoholism has raised many debates over the truth of its nature. Many scholars argue that alcoholism can be treated as a disease. Such approach to defining alcoholism means denying that alcohol abusers own a choice. In consequence, the treatment related diffe rs and may or may not actually help alcoholics recover. A wrong diagnostic of this addiction can lead to serious health issues; therefore, it is vital to answer the following question: Is alcoholism a disease? Most experts in this field criticisesRead MoreAlcoholism And Dependency Of Alcoholism924 Words   |  4 Pagessources. The research study that will be the main focus of this paper will be on alcoholism and topics discussed on the dependency of alcoholism. One will come across with articles having different discuss on the effects, use of and dependency of alcoholism. The introduction section will include a brief definition of alcoholism. Overall the paper will discuss about the causes of alcoholism, effects of alcoholism, the treatment for alcohol dependence. Method section will discuss about the participantsRead MoreAlcoholism Is An Epidemic Of Alcoholism1492 Words   |  6 Pages It’s no secret that alcoholism is an epidemic. Anyone can fall prisoner to its call. Alcoholism knows no gender, no age, and no race. Alcoholism is an addiction to alcohol. This addiction is not a joke, or a reason to shame others. Its effects on people can be fatal. Alcoholism has claimed the lives of many people. Not always in the same way, but all the same a life lost. The way that some people lose their lives is listed as following: they lose their family, friends, homes, jobs, and etc. nowRead MoreThe Problem Of Alcoholism And Alcoholism1539 Words   |  7 PagesAlcoholism proves to be a leading cause of brain damage and body malfunction all across America, ultimately endangering your life and the ones around you, but overcoming alcoholism seems to be a harder obstacle to overcome because this addictive drug imprints denial on your brain and makes you think you can stop drinking whenever you want. Denial is one of the hardest hurdles to jump over to getting help for al coholism and abuse. The desire to drink is so strong that the mind finds ways to rationalizeRead MoreAlcoholism And Its Effects On Alcoholism2456 Words   |  10 Pages Alcoholism is one of the most intractable and pervasive psychological disorders known. Though the negative health consequences of alcohol are widely understood, and, if anything, the social consequences of alcoholism are even more widely acknowledged, it seems that no matter what steps are taken by public health officials or private organizations, no strategy can ever be fully developed for eradicating alcoholism. There are a number of reasons why this is true. This paper will explore some ofRead MoreAlcoholism : An Exploration Of Alcoholism2043 Words   |  9 PagesDrink Too Many: An Exploration of Alcoholism Many adults can enjoy a drink or two from time to time without any issues, but just one drink can cause over seventeen million Americans’ lives to spiral out of control. Though most people do not have issues with drinking alcoholic beverages, many have a condition which causes their brain to function differently when they consume alcohol. This disease can be deadly for both the alcoholic and those around them. Alcoholism can control someone’s life, and

The Public Schooling System Is Not The Same Since

The public schooling system is not the same since they have been dwindling down the right for religion to be in schools. Religion needs to be put back into the school system so then maybe people will be more informed on things out in the real world. I am not saying that it needs to be a required course, however, give students the opportunity to learn about it. Among just making it a course in itself one course it could be reintroduced to is the science class. They talk about evolution but yet they do not teach about creationism. In history classes they can reintroduce religion because important religious facts (like Martin Luther King Jr. being a black priest) have been taken out of school text books so people do not get offended. When I say religion needs to be put back in the schooling system I mean most religions that are in the world today and not just Christianity. Students would do a lot better in school if there was some sort of religious class being taught. I understand that schools cannot teach just any one religion legally because people in today s world are taking the first amendment to seriously. However, if they could, they might see a lot of students excelling in school. This includes all students, because they are learning more about their beliefs and if they want, other beliefs as well as learning better how to cope with today s society. It would have been better for me for the simple fact that I would have been relying more on God then what I wasShow MoreRelatedHistory of Home Schooling and Public School Education619 Words   |  3 PagesEducation systems have existed since ancient times. Historians claim that there was schooling in Egypt 5000 years ago. Generally, education is a way of learning skills and information. During the Medieval Ages religious schools, where children learned religion and some sciences as philosophy, literature, astronomy and mathematics, were more popular. But the wide use of schools is related to the develop ment of society in XIX century. Nowadays, these schools are called public schools and they provideRead MorePublic School Vs. Home Schooling System905 Words   |  4 Pagestheir own preference on whether they want their children in a public school or home schooling system. They have to look at the advantages and disadvantages that come with making the right choice for their child’s education. Being home schooled, does not give the child the ability to be around new people. Some parents cannot afford for their child to be home schooled, and choose to have them enrolled in public school. Having students in a public school has a better learning aspect and more affordable.Read MorePublic Schooling On The United States Essay1428 Words   |  6 PagesPublic schooling in the United States fails in providing a quality education for student in K-12. In 2015 the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA), which measures reading ability and math and science literacy among 15-y ear-olds in dozens of developed and developing countries, found that the United States is ranked 35th in math and 27th in science Desilver, D. (2016). The number one thing every parent wants for their children is for them to have access to the best possible educationRead MoreHome Schooling1155 Words   |  5 PagesEffects of Home Schooling Children Imagine that a child is approaching the age when he or she will begin schooling. So many questions are racing through a parents mind. Is the child going to receive the best education possible? Can all of the child’s emotional, psychological, and intellectual needs be met at public school? Questions like these are the reason why, so many parents around the country have chosen to take education into their own hands. Parents lack confidence in public schools and desireRead More Home Schooling: Not For Everyone Essay902 Words   |  4 PagesHome Schooling: Not For Everyone Home schooling is when a child is instructed outside of the public school system in a place such as the home. In the year 2002, 850,000 students were home schooled in the United States out of about 50,200,000 that were attending school at that time (Home Schooling Statistics, 1). The numbers of students being home schooled are expected to grow even more in the future (1). Home schooling laws vary from state to state. In New Jersey the home schoolingRead MoreThe And The Contemporary Manifestations Of Alternates From Traditional School Structures1419 Words   |  6 Pagestopic I have chosen to write about for this final writing assignment is the history of and the contemporary manifestations of alternates to traditional school structures in the United States. I will look at several of these alternatives and how the public reaction to them has changed throughout American history. The reason I am writing about this topic, and the reason this is an important realm of educ ation to observe and explore, is because of the push for an individualized approach to students’ educationRead MoreHomeschooling vs. Public Schooling Essay858 Words   |  4 Pagessend them to a public school. Both are good methods in developing a good education for a child. But also have differences in techniques of teaching and environmental differences. Parents have to think about the cost, the way the child learns being in a social environment, and also be aware of what their child is learning in the street. We will see how home schooling and or public schooling have different effect on a child’s education. The choice of public schooling and or home schooling is a personalRead MoreEssay about The Pros and Cons of Home Schooling1540 Words   |  7 PagesThe Pros and Cons of Home Schooling Home schooling is an important issue in the educational world today. Whether or not a parent has the right to take their child out of public schools to educate them at home has become a widely talked about subject. Over the past decade, some 18,260 home schools have registered as home schools, and this number continues to grow (Clark/Havice). This issue, although intense and multi-layered, is often divided into two distinct groups-those who oppose it, thinkingRead MoreHome Schooling Vs. Public Education1449 Words   |  6 PagesWhen one thinks of education, almost automatically public education comes to mind. Through the years, preferences for educating children have slowly been changing. Home schooling was primarily restricted to religious groups, but in the past several years, it has rapidly been moving into mainstream society (Ray). Parents today are deciding to home school their children, although there are those who still believe public education is better. Home schooling is legal in every state and involves as many asRead MorePrivate Or Public School?1321 Words   |  6 Pages Private or Public School? Adrianna N. Pillow Professor SooHoo-Hui February 15, 2015 California Baptist University â€Æ' Abstract In today’s society, receiving a good education has become of the utter most importance. The real choice that is being faced now is what type of schooling program kids should be sent to. Should it be private school, with smaller class sizes or public school, where the massive attendance count tends to make kids learning last on the lists of priorities? The obvious choice

Brasil Europeans Free Essays

In the colonial period of 1600, the Portuguese were the first amongst the Europeans to settle in Brazil. At that time, only native Indians and nomadic tribes were living in the area. The Portuguese came not to control, conquer or develop the country instead they wanted profitable trade and agriculture. We will write a custom essay sample on Brasil Europeans or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, three centuries later the land was exploited mostly for wood, sugarcane, coffee beans and gold mining. Man power was provided by both African and Indian slaves. Many Italians settled in Brazil after the boom in coffee production. Intermarriages between different ethnicities and cultures made Brazil one of the most multi- cultured country in the world. Most Brazilians have European, African, Amerindian, Asian and Middle Eastern ancestors. Brazil gained its independence from the Portuguese colonizers on September 7, 1822. In 1889, a military coup backed by the coffee industrialists forced the emperor to leave the country. Coffee planters had great influence in Brazil and practically ran the government for the next 30 years. Brazil struggled with military coups and economic instability in those years. After three decades Fernando Coller de Mello was elected in the first democratic elections. He was removed from office for his corruption. The capital of the country is Brasilia and its current President is Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva. The country is federal presidential representative democratic republic in which the President serves as the head of state and head of government. The currency of Brazil is the â€Å"real† (BRL). Brazil follows the Roman legal system. It is a presidential democracy since 1985. The voters of the country had decided not to restore the constititutional monarchy. Brazil is slightly smaller than the United States. It borders the Atlantic Ocean and located in the East of South America. It is the largest country in South America. It has boundaries meeting with all the South American countries except Chile and Ecuador. The low-lying Amazon Rainforest is to the North of Brazil and the south is home to farmers and the agricultural base. The highest peak of Brazil is Pico da Neblina. The largest river in the world, the Amazon also flows through Brazil. The climate varies in different regions from tropical to temperate. The territory of Brazil is said to cover 8,514,876. 599 km2. This wide territory is split into twenty-six states and one federal district. All states are completely independent in terms of their law-making, public security, government and taxation. Brazil has highly structured agricultural, mining, manufacturing, and service sectors and its economy prevails over the economies of the other South American countries. In 1998, Brazil received a $41. 5 billion IMF-led international support program due to its large account deficits. In 1999, the Brazilian Central Bank declared that the currency real would no longer be pegged to the US dollar. This devaluation slowed down the recession and the country witnessed slight economic growth. The growth of the economy was less than 2% in 2001 due to the high interest rates. At the end of 2001 the country gained much investor confidence. The economy in Brazil is said to be the â€Å"ninth largest economy in the world and tenth largest at market exchange rates†. (Wikipedia). The biggest barriers to economic development are widespread bureaucracy, corruption, poverty and illiteracy within the Brazilian Government. . The government intervenes and plays the most important role in all of the country’s economic activities. Brazil is still a newly industrializing country (NIC) and most development has taken place in southeastern states such as Parana, Sao Paulo and Rio De Janeiro. The industries are producing automobiles and parts, machinery, equipment, steel, textiles, shoes, cement, lumber, iron ore, tin, petrochemicals, computers, aircraft, and consumer durables. Brazil has been leading in the alternative energy sector. Electricity is being generated through hydropower. It is exporting oil despite its little amount of oil reserves. Within the service sector, the tourist industry is one of the biggest in Brazil. The Brazilian justice system is painfully slow and unjust. Laws are altered for the rich. The legal system has many defecicies. Many crimes commited by Brazialians are tried for only a limited time span. By the time the authorities get their act together, it is almost too late. Sentences are often reduced by 50% for the crimes commited at the age of 70. Brazil is also an important partner for the European Union. It is a charter member of the UN and contributes troops for peacekeeping efforts in Angola, East Timor, Middle East, Mozambique, Belgian Congo and Haiti. It is the leading member of the G-20 group of nations. The 170 million population of Brazil consist of a majority of 53. 7% whites and 38. 5% multiracial people. Blacks, Asians, Amerindians are in insignifiant propotions. Portuguese is the most widely spoken and understood language in Brazil. Brazil follows mostly Portuguese culture and traditions brought by the colonizers. The African Slaves inspired most of Brazil’s music, dance, cuisine, religion and language. Brazil has the largest population of Roman Catholics in the world. Almost half of the output of fiction, poetry, and drama of South America comes from Brazilians. Carnaval is a popular yearly celebration and tourist attraction which is held for forty days to mark the start of Lent. The music in Brazil is richly flavored with a variety of music styles including samba, bossa nova, forro, frevo and many others. Cinema culture started in Brazil in the late 19th century. Many Brazilian films such as Cidade de Deus and Carandiru have received international critical acclaim. Sports specially football are very popular in Brazil. The Brazilain national footbal team has a huge local and interntional following. The team has won the FIFA world cup five times. Brazil’s most notable players are Pele, Ronaldo and Ronaldinho. Other popular sports are capoeira and Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu. Food is a reflection of the racial mix of Brazil. The most popular dishes of Brazil are Feijoada, Caipirinha and Pao de Queijo and rice and beans are basic to every menu. Most Brazilians are in their mid-twenties while 34% are under the age of fourteen. Brazil has rapidly urbanized and almost 75% of the population live in the urban areas. They are not enough jobs in Brazil to support such a large population which is why there is widespread unemployment. Unemployement was said to have reached 9. 8% in 2005 and 8 out of 10 are living in the highly populated urban centers. The largest population of almost 11. 016. 703 people are found in the city of Sao Paulo. A huge majority of people are often forced to resort to street vending, drug peddling and prostitution. The population in the rural areas receive fewer water and sanitation services as compared to urban areas. Many contagious diseases like cholera, diarrheas have emerged as a result of lack of basic sanitation services. WORKS CITED: †¢ Brazil. † Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 23 Apr 2007, 11:43 UTC. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 24 Apr 2007 http://en. wikipedia. org/w/index. php? title=Braziloldid=125144285. †¢ Brazil. CIA_The World Factbook. 2002. http://www. umsl. edu/services/govdocs/wofact2002/geos/br. html Brazil How to cite Brasil Europeans, Papers